PolycysticOvary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and often misunderstood condition thataffects a significant number of women. In a recent podcast episode, Dr. CassieSmith, an endocrinologist at Modern Endocrine, shared her expertise on PCOS,its symptoms, types, and the metabolic issues associated with it. This blogpost will delve into the key points discussed in the episode, providingvaluable insights and actionable advice for managing PCOS.
PCOS is a hormonal disorder commonamong women of reproductive age. It is characterized by prolonged or infrequentmenstrual periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. However,PCOS is not just a hormonal imbalance; it is also a metabolic issue that canlead to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and other health complications.
● Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
● Cysts on the ovaries
● Hyperandrogenism:Elevated testosterone levels, acne, and excessive hair growth
PCOS is closely linked to metabolicissues such as insulin resistance, fatty liver disease, and obesity. Women withPCOS are also at a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer.
Dr.Smith highlighted that there are six different types of PCOS, each with uniquecharacteristics and treatment approaches:
1. Insulin-resistant PCOS: Oftenassociated with being overweight and having high insulin levels.
2. Hypothyroid type PCOS: Significantuntreated hypothyroidism can lead to PCOS-like symptoms.
3. Adrenal type PCOS: Linked to highstress levels or irregular sleep patterns.
4. Thin type PCOS: Individuals of normalweight but with PCOS symptoms, often due to high stress and adrenal fatigue.
5. Inflammatory type PCOS: Caused by anysource of inflammation, including post-COVID inflammation.
6. Post-infectioustype PCOS: Occurs after significant infections that disrupt hormonal balance.
Acomprehensive approach is essential for diagnosing PCOS. Dr. Smith recommendsthe following lab tests:
● Sex hormone levels: Total and freetestosterone, SHBG, LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone.
● DHEA: To assess adrenal function.
● Cortisol and insulin levels: Toevaluate metabolic health.
● Thyroid panel: Including TSH, freeT3, free T4, reverse T3, and thyroid antibodies.
● Basic metabolic panel: To check liverenzymes and kidney function.
● Lipidprofile: To assess cholesterol levels.
Dr. Smith emphasizes the importanceof lifestyle changes in managing PCOS. Here are some actionable steps:
● Aim for consistent sleep patterns.
● Ensureeight hours of uninterrupted sleep each night.
● Incorporate stress-reducing practiceslike mindfulness, yoga, or meditation.
● Takea few minutes throughout the day to breathe and check in with yourself.
● Focus on a whole-foods diet rich infiber, healthy fats, and lean proteins.
● Minimize processed foods and sugars.
● Prioritizeprotein intake over carbohydrates, especially for those with insulinresistance.
● Engage in regular physical activityto improve insulin sensitivity and support weight management.
● Optfor gentle activities like walking and weightlifting with adequate restperiods.
● Consider tracking blood sugar levelsto understand how different foods affect your body.
● Drink plenty of water to supportoverall health.
● Connect with healthcare providers whounderstand PCOS and can guide you through your journey.
Dr. Smith discusses variousmedications and supplements that can help manage PCOS:
● GLP-1 Agonists: These medications cansignificantly lower insulin and inflammatory markers, leading to improvedhormonal balance and overall health.
● Metformin:Used in lower doses to minimize gastrointestinal side effects, it helps manageinsulin resistance.
● Berberine, Turmeric, and Omega-3Fatty Acids: These supplements can lower insulin levels and reduceinflammation.
● Inositol:Beneficial for maintaining blood sugar levels, with a recommended ratio of 40:1for optimal effectiveness.
Dr.Smith addresses common misconceptions about PCOS and its treatment:
● Birth Control: While it can regulatemenstrual cycles, it does not address the root causes of PCOS.
● GLP-1Medications and Thyroid Cancer: Concerns about these medications causingthyroid cancer are often misplaced. Dr. Smith reassures that GLP-1 medicationshave been safely used for decades without significant increase in thyroidcancer risk.
Managing PCOS requires a holisticapproach that combines lifestyle changes with appropriate medicalinterventions. By understanding the different types of PCOS, seekingcomprehensive lab work, and making informed lifestyle choices, individuals cantake charge of their health and improve their long-term outcomes.
For moreinsights and resources on managing PCOS and other hormonal and metabolic healthchallenges, connect with Dr. Cassie Smith through her podcast, "Hormones,Metabolism, and You," and her website, Modern Endocrine.
Byempowering yourself with knowledge and seeking the right support, you cannavigate the complexities of PCOS and achieve better health and wellness.
